Trong cả Tiếng Anh giao tiếp và thi cử, Thì Quá Khứ Đơn (Past Simple Tense) luôn là phần kiến thức quan trọng cần nắm vững. Vì vậy, ở bài viết này, Bình Minh sẽ giúp bạn nắm vững cách dùng, công thức, dấu hiệu thì quá khứ đơn, cũng như cung cấp các bài tập và lời giải để luyện tập ngay phần kiến thức này.
A. CẤU TRÚC THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN
1. Câu khẳng định (+)
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S + V-ed
S + was/were + N/Adj
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Eg:
- Mary went shopping with me yesterday.
(Mary đã đi mua sắm cùng tôi vào ngày hôm qua.)
-When she was young, she was a talented actress.
(Khi còn trẻ, cô ấy là một nữ diễn viên đầy tài năng.)
2. Câu phủ định (-)
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S + did not (didn’t) + V
S + wasn’t/weren’t + N/Adj
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3. Dùng chung với thì quá khứ tiếp diễn, để mô tả các hành động xen vào khi một hành động đang diễn ra trong quá khứ (dùng quá khứ tiếp diễn).
D. DẤU HIỆU NHẬN BIẾT THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN
Vậy khi nào chúng ta nên sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn? Đó là khi trong câu có các trạng từ chỉ các mốc thời gian chung chung và đã kết thúc quá khứ (finished time words):
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yesterday (hôm qua).
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last night/last week/last month/last year (tối qua/tuần trước/tháng trước/năm ngoái.)
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ago: cách đây (5 hours ago: cách đây 5 giờ, three weeks ago: cách đây 3 tuần...).
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in + một mốc thời gian trong quá khứ (in 2001, in 1995...).
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when: khi (trong câu kể) (VD: when I was young)
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in the past (trong quá khứ)
E. BÀI TẬP VÀ LỜI GIẢI THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN
Exercise 1: Choose the correct answer in each of the following questions
1. (THPTQG, 2021 - đợt 1) Nam __________ a good mark for his speaking test yesterday.
A. was given
B. was giving
C. gives
D. has given
2. (THPTQG, 2021 - đợt 2) The trees ___________ in our schoolyard yesterday.
A. were planting
B. were planted
C. have planted
D. plant
3. “Where’s Christine?” - “I don’t know; she ________ the office fifteen minutes ago.”
A. had been leaving
B. had left
C. has left
D. left
4. Did you know that Oscar Wilde _______ in Paris during his final years?
A. has been living
B. had lived
C. had been living
D. lived
5. What’s wrong with Ludwig?” - “I have no idea. He ______ up, slammed the door, and stormed out of the building.”
A. got
B. has got
C. was getting
D. had got
6. When my mother was little, every Tet, my grandmother ________ her new clothes.
A. would have bought
B. had bought
C. used to buying
D. would buy
7. He acts as if he ________ me at all, even though we used to be so close.
A. didn’t know
B. knew
C. doesn’t know
D. knows
8. (THPTQG, 2017) I __________ all of my homework last night.
A. finish
B. will finish
C. have finished
D. finished
9. (THPTQG, 2020 - đề 401) Her academic performance has greatly improved since she _____ her study methods.
A. will change
B. changes
C. would change
D. was changing
10. (THPTQG, 2020 - đề 404)The city has changed a lot since I last _____ it.
A. visited
B. would visit
C. will visit
D visit
11.(THPTQG, 2020 - đề 403) Mary has been financially independent since she _____ to work.
A. went out
B. will go out
C. was going out
D. would go out
12. (THPTQG, 2018) If he didn't have to work today, he ______ his children to the zoo.
A. takes
B. will take
C. would take
D. has taken
13. (Đề thi minh họa THPTQG, 2020) If I ________ just one year younger, I would be eligible for the scholarship.
A. am
B. will be
C. would be
D. were
14. The waitress was dancing to ITZY’s Loco when a customer ___________ in.
A. was walking
B. walks
C. would walk
D. walked
15. It’s high time we ______ actions to prevent global warming.
A. took
B. are taking
C. will take
D. take
Exercise 2: Fill in the gaps with verbs from the box in the past simple.
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be - ask - belong - explain - say - come - look -
speak - shake - keep - be - point - bundle
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One afternoon, when Bruno (1) _________ home from school, he (2) ___ surprised to find Maria, the family’s maid – who always (3) _______ her head bowed and never (4) ______ up from the carpet – standing in his bedroom, pulling all his belongings out of the wardrobe and packing them in four large wooden crates, even the things he’d hidden at the back that (5) __________ to him and (6) _______ nobody else’s business.
"What are you doing?" he (7) _______ in as polite a tone as he could muster, for although he wasn’t happy to come home and find someone going through his possessions, his mother had always told him that he was to treat Maria respectfully and not just imitate the way Father (8) _______ to her. "You take your hands off my things."
Maria (9) ________ her head and (10) ________ towards the staircase behind him, where Bruno’s mother had just appeared. She was a tall woman with long red hair that she (11) ________ into a sort of net behind her head, and she was twisting her hands together nervously as if there was something she didn’t want to have to say or something she didn’t want to have to believe.
"Mother," (12) _________ Bruno, marching towards her, "what’s going on? Why is Maria going through my things?"
"She’s packing them," (13) __________ Mother.
(Extracted from The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas, by John Boyne)
